This text is a shortened version of Carola Hein, ‘The Global Petroleumscape of the Rotterdam/The Hague Area: as a Model for Further Research’, in Urbanisation of the Sea: From Concepts and Analysis to Design, ed. Nancy Couling and Carola Hein (nai010, 2020). It includes excerpts from Carola Hein, ‘Oil Spaces: The Global Petroleumscape in the Rotterdam/the Hague Area’, Journal of Urban History, no. 43 (2018). On blankness, see also: Nancy Couling and Carola Hein, ‘Blankness: The Architectural Void of North Sea Energy Logistics’, Footprint, no. 23 (2018).

Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space (Blackwell, 1991), 26–27.

Carola Hein, ‘Analyzing the Palimpsestic Petroleumscape of Rotterdam’, Global Urban History Blog (28 September 2016), https://globalurbanhistory.com/2016/09/28/analyzing-the-palimpsestic-petroleumscape-of-rotterdam/; ‘Port Cities: Nodes in the Global Petroleumscape between Sea and Land’, Technosphere Magazine (15 April 2017); ‘Between Oil and Water: The Logistical Petroleumscape’, in The Petropolis of Tomorrow, ed. Neeraj Bhatia and Mary Casper (Actar / Architecture at Rice, 2013); ‘Global Landscapes of Oil’, New Geographies 2 (2009).

Lukasz Stanek, Henri Lefebvre on Space: Architecture, Urban Research, and the Production of Theory (University of Minnesota Press, 2011); Lefebvre, The Production of Space; Henri Lefebvre, A Critique of Everyday Life (London: Verso, 1991).

Ferry de Goey, Comparative Port History of Rotterdam and Antwerp (1880–2000): Competition, Cargo and Costs (Aksant, 2004); Reginald Loyen, Erik Buyst, and Greta Devos, Struggling for Leadership: Antwerp-Rotterdam Port Competition between 1870–2000 (Springer, 2003).

Ferry de Goey, Ruimte Voor Industrie: Rotterdam en een Vestiging Van Industrie in de Haven 1945–1975 (Stichting Historische Publicaties Roterodamum, 1990); Gerard J. Borghuis, Veertig Jaar NAM: de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse aardolie maatschapij 1947–1987 (Aardolie Maatschappij B V, 1987).

Denis Wood, Power of Maps (Guilford Press, 1992).

For map covers and the Rotterdam refinery map by BP from 1970, see ‘Oil Company Roadmaps from the Netherlands’, http://www.petrolmaps.co.uk/country/maps-nl.htm.

Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands, ‘Port of Rotterdam’, http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/portofrotterdam/.

There is also an extensive NATO pipeline system; see ‘Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS)’, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_49151.htm?selectedLocale=en.

Dominic Boyer and Imre Szeman, ‘The Rise of Energy Humanities: Breaking the Impasse’, University Affairs (2014), http://www.universityaffairs.ca/opinion/in-my-opinion/the-rise-of-energy-humanities/.

See, e.g., Jo Clarke, Mel Evans, Hayley Newman, Kevin Smith, Glen Tarman, eds., Culture Beyond Oil: Not If but When (Platform, 2011), http://platformlondon.org/cbo.pdf; Imre Szeman, Sheena Wilson, and Adam Carlson, eds., Petrocultures: Oil, Energy, and Culture (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017); Imre Szeman and Dominic Boyer, Energy Humanities: An Anthology (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017).

Dominic Boyer, ‘Special Collection: Energopower and Biopower in Transition’, Anthropological Quarterly 87, no. 2 (2014).