The introduction of new uses and programmes in existing buildings is an opportunity for densification, sometimes through stripping back structures. The former Vroom & Dreesmann (V&D) department store is a conglomerate of various buildings from different periods, and its owner was seeking new uses for the top floors. By removing later additions and revealing the complex mix of historic layers, each individual building could be programmed separately. The opening up of a pre-existing alley allowed new addresses to be added to the buildings to serve the newly introduced offices and workspaces on the top floors. Office Winhov, adaptive reuse of the former V&D department store (2016–19). Photos Stefan Müller, Office Winhov (existing situation)

The thickness of existing facades has proved particularly valuable in densifying the existing urban fabric through new usages. In the new reception areas of the Royal, the bronze facade aligns with the existing windows above. The floor-to-ceiling openings allow a deep frontal view of the enfilade of rooms, while the thick columns obscure oblique views when passing on the narrow canal side. This establishes a certain ‘observational distance’ that suits the nature of the academy. Office Winhov – Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2015–19). Photo Max Hart Nibbrig

Density is a matter of delicate balance. This converted barn in the village of Mathon, at the foot of the Piz Beverin, accommodates an introverted workspace. The project ensures that the people at work are part of village life, while establishing a certain distance, as befits the nature of this elevated retreat. The structure of massive logs characterises the enduring presence of the stable in the village fabric. Large ‘interior’ window openings allow the bright alpine light and everyday sounds of the village to enter the space. Office Haratori – Office Winhov, Office, Mathon Graubunden (2013–16). Photos Zeno Vogel

To be generous in the dimensions of facades, using the thresholds that are embedded within them, we can mediate between the private domain of a house and the surrounding public realm. In this apartment building in Amsterdam South, the bay windows and loggias form the elevations of a new square in the city business district. The rhythm and monumental character of the oversized bays and their deep relief underline the urban importance of the square and provide inhabitants with private outside spaces and large windows to enjoy the sun and engage in the square’s public life. Office Winhov, SUD apartment building, Amsterdam (2016–20). Photos Stefan Müller